The scientific-practical Law Journal
“Almanac of Law” Volume 14 (2023), 11-19 p.
DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2023-14-11-19
Skrypniuk O. V., Bohiv Ya. S. Ukrainian unitary state: principles of territorial organization, characteristics, specificity of decentralization
The article examines the problem of the unitary state. A key place is occupied by the principles of the territorial system of Ukraine, in particular, people’s rule, publicity, legality, equality of administrative and territorial units, stability, systematicity, compliance with the norms of international law. In the conditions of reforming the territorial system of Ukraine, the objects and phenomena of a territorial nature, the content of the system-forming connections between them undergo qualitative changes. The foundations of the territorial organization of unitary Ukraine are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, in particular, in its article 132. The Basic Law of Ukraine defines that the territorial organization of the state is based on the principles of unity, integrity of the state territory, a combination of centralization and decentralization in the exercise of state power, balanced socio-economic development of regions, considering their historical, economic, ecological, geographical, demographic characteristics, ethnic and cultural traditions.
The fundamental principles of the territorial system of Ukraine include: the principle of unitarism, the principle of the inviolability of the territories of Ukraine, the principle of guaranteed territorial integrity and state sovereignty. The article pays special attention to the characteristic features of a unitary state: territorial supremacy, a system of legitimate state authorities, a single constitutional and legal system, a single citizenship, a single and indivisible economic space, a single credit and monetary system and financial policy, national state symbols, national armed forces and law enforcement system, absolute international legal personality. It is emphasized that the formation of a type of unitary state is influenced by the order of formation of administrative and territorial units. The unitary state system of Ukraine is the main underlying principle of the constitutional system of the state. Unitarianism is of great importance and role in the civilizational development of Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine declares a combination of centralization and decentralization in the territorial organization of the state. Since 2014, the functioning of public power in Ukraine has been moving away from centralization with an emphasis on decentralization, which is characteristic of the decentralized model of public power. This decentralization should be based on the strengthening of the constitutional and legal status of local self-government. In the unitary state model, the power distribution mechanism works in a special mode characteristic of it, forming a balance of power.
Key words: Ukraine, unitary state, principles of territorial organization, signs of a unitary state, democracy, local self-government, decentralization.
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